In an effort to clear up some misconceptions about our licensing program and our ongoing litigation and related actions, some of which have been published by Kevin Goldberg on his CommLawBlog® (which several trade press articles have repeated), and some of which appear to have been spread by radio industry trade associations, we thought we would clarify a few key points:


Digimedia’s Patents are not about Radio Automation software

One very popular misconception is that the patents apply to broadcast automation systems.  Using the claimed inventions does not require a broadcast automation system.

The Digimedia Patents are about how music is stored on hard drives, how new music is acquired across networks digitally, and how music on those hard drives is provided to others. There are no claims in those patents that require what is traditionally known as automation software. If our claims had read upon automation software, we would have contacted those vendors.

It may be that the large corporate radio station conglomerates wish to exert leverage over the automation software providers to pay their bills for them, but it remains a fact that any liability that an automation software provider has (if they have indemnified) is because of what the individual station does in using computer disk drives to store music on from which they broadcast the music over the air.

Use of the inventions claimed in the patents has allowed radio stations to save costs over using CARTs and CDs and to obtain other efficiencies in operating their stations.  It is all about how radio  stations operate by storing music on computer disk drives. So IPMG AG (a licensee of Digimedia that is authorized to offer sub-licenses) has been offering licenses for these patents to the radio stations.


Issued patents are a legal right

Radio stations in the US have a government granted right to the local radio frequencies they broadcast on, to their radio station call letters (often also trademark), and they choose to exclusively use that radio frequency and those call letters as the vehicles for their copyrighted broadcasts.  Radio relies heavily on intellectual property law.  Radio station owners can choose to sell part of their copyrighted broadcast (the ads, for compensation) or the owners can sell the station, including rights to the government granted radio frequency, and the call letters as an overall “asset.”  The radio station owner is very much reliant on intellectual property law for its business.

An issued US patent grants the owner an exclusive right to the inventions claimed in the patent, that are granted by the US government to the inventor or their assignee (now Digimedia Holdings Group LLC).  The patent owner can choose to license those rights to others to use, or can choose to exclude others from practicing the claims.  The inventions in the Goldman patents are being widely used, and Digimedia Holdings Group LLC desires to license its patented invention to those that want to respect its intellectual property rights. 


The Patent Re-exam process

Of the four patents which Digimedia Holdings Group owns, two of the patents, ‘867 and ‘246 were put into an ex-parte re-exam by Broadcast Electronics Incorporated (BEI) for the benefit of the defendants in the ongoing litigation that Digimedia Holdings Group has with several large corporate radio station ownership groups. 

Here are some representative statistics of results of re-exams, in a given quarter (source: USPTO):  http://www.uspto.gov/patents/EP_quarterly_report_Sept_2011.pdf

There are some interesting statistics in this document from the USPTO about re-exams.

  • Twice as many patents have all of its original claims confirmed than those that have all claims cancelled.
  • Almost 90% of patents reexamined have either all or some of their claims confirmed in original form or with changes. This is true even when you consider only those patents going through reexamination at the request of a 3rd party requester such as BEI.
  • 92% of reexamination requests are granted even though almost 90% of the patents survive the process, indicating that the decision to grant the request is much more of an administrative decision (was the paperwork completed correctly and the fee paid) than it is any real determination that the request has any chance of ultimate success.

In this case, the results of the reexamination bore out the truth in these statistics, many claims survived in original form, several others with some amendments, and a few were cancelled. The ultimate result is that the patents and the surviving claims are (again) validated by the USPTO.

The misconceptions of this process have been many, here are but a few of them:

There have been two reexams of each patent: This is of course false. Mr. Goldberg, opined that there were multiple reexaminations one that ended in rejection and an “appeal” that came to the end result noted above. In fact, there was one reexamination for each patent, with the PTO first granting the reexam request, later issuing an office action, our filing a response, the patent office then issuing another office action, our response to that, and then the final decision to issue a reexamination certificate.

Rejections of the claims by the USPTO means that they are not valid: In the course of a patent examination, the patent examiner examines the prior art and the patent and if the examiner has any remaining questions about the issues presented, the examiner rejects the claims. This rejection is the patent office’s mechanism to allow the patent owner/applicant to provide more information about why the invention is different than the prior art. Because the burden is on the owner/applicant to show that the claims are valid over the prior art, rejection merely means that the examiner would like to hear more, at least until the office action is “made final” which indicates that unless something really special is found, at least to the satisfaction of the examiner, the decision is final, at least with respect to the way the claims are then currently drafted. Suggesting that because the examiner rejected some claims early in the process that the claims are not valid is the equivalent of suggesting that every criminal defendant is actually innocent because at the beginning of the trial they are presumed to be innocent.

Reexam requests are made to “settle the issue”: This may be true when there is no litigation ongoing, but when litigation is present, reexam requests are often attempts to introduce delays in an attempt to postpone the trial (and/or licensing).


This is a genuine liability, rather than a potential one

Much of the “positioning” that is coming from the corporate radio conglomerates, the industry trade associations and industry trade press (that depends on those conglomerates), implies that the rights held by Digimedia Holdings Group LLC are somehow not valid, or that somehow Radio Station owners practicing the claimed inventions only potentially have liability.  The fact is that many radio station owners do have a liability for using the claimed inventions unless the issued patents are declared invalid (through a process of a re-exam, or by the court), or unless the specific radio station is found to not infringe the asserted claims (by the court).

The only certainty to remove the liability is to enter into a license agreement. 

We believe strongly that the direct licenses being offered by IPMG AG are clearly the logical business case.  The other options to delay or litigate have greater risk, and more expensive costs, for both parties.

 
 
The United States Patent Office’s reexaminations of Mission Abstract Data’s ‘867 and ‘246 patents have completed. 

The USPTO reexamination process was comprehensive. In addition to the large number of pages of supporting documents submitted by the requestor, over 3700 additional pages of documents (including all of the documents that the defendants in the pending litigation over the Mission Abstract Data Patents are relying upon as potential prior art to the patents) were provided to the examiners to allow them to fully evaluate and finally determine the validity and patentability of the Mission Abstract Data Patents being examined.

Two of the four Mission Abstract Data Patents were reexamined. Between them, 19 claims were confirmed in their original form, 12 were confirmed in an amended form, and only 8 were cancelled. Both claim 4 of the ‘867 patent and claim 6 of the ‘246 patent were confirmed by the panel of three senior patent examiners who conducted the reexamination.


What this means for Radio station owners

Much of the radio trade press inaccurately described the patent re-exam process and the implications of that process for radio station owners.  Radio station owners still have financial exposure for use of the claimed inventions and DigiMedia Holdings Group (owner of the Mission Abstract Data Patents) intends to continue to seek fair compensation for the use of these intellectual property rights.

Now that the reexamination is over, Digimedia Holdings Group LLC has begun the process to have the “stay” in the pending litigation in Delaware lifted immediately.  

The direct licensing team at IPMG AG, the firm contracted by Digimedia Holdings Group, to directly license radio ownership groups, will continue to actively engage with radio station owners to offer direct non-litigation licenses to Mission Abstract Data patents.

 
 
DigiMedia, LLC vs. Beasley, CBS Radio, et al

As noted on RBR.com, Mission Abstract Data (which also does business under the name Mission Abstract Data ), filed suit against several broadcasters for infringement of the company’s intellectual property, namely, broadcasting music from a hard-drive (or hard drives) that contains at least several hundred songs. This week, CBS Radio, asked for an extension to file their response which was granted by the court without any objection on behalf of Mission Abstract Data. 

Mr.Dave Scott, CEO of Dave Scott Companies was quoted in RBR about the litigation. The article is an interesting read.

To quote Mr. Scott:

“I know for a personal fact that my Scott Studios Corp was making and had sold dozens (if not hundreds) of radio studio automation systems with music on hard drive capabilities prior to his 1994 application.”

Mr. Scott also mentioned as that he is not well versed in the details of IP Law. The details, while cumbersome and sometimes confusing, really do matter. For instance, RBR quotes from a patent in their article that has nothing to do with the music on hard drive issue; they seem to mistake that patent, which covers transmission of music over a communications system, with the core issue of music on a hard drive in the patent being enforced with CBS Radio, Cumulus and other broadcasters, which covers broadcast radio. Yes, it’s confusing.

Mr. Scott’s assertion that his firm provided music on hard drive capabilities prior to 1994, while interesting, does not invalidate Mission Abstract Data’s patents, which are clear and specific in nature. To wit: the patent in question was specifically granted based upon a system with: “computer hard drive(s) containing at least several hundred songs”


Mr. Scott may well have sold systems that could put a limited amount of jingles, zinger, transitions or other musical works on a hard drive, but, prior to the development of audio-encoding technologies of sufficient compression with sufficient quality, the amount of music that could fit on hard drives in a cost efficient manner was severely limited. It was not until at least 1994 that audio compression and hard drive capacities developed sufficiently. Prior to that time hard drives were incapable of economically housing much more than one CD’s worth of songs. Given the limitation of technologies at the time, it is far more likely that the systems of which Mr. Scott speaks housed short low fidelity music clips for on air transitions and zingers. But, does several hundred songs versus ten or twelve really make all that much difference in the CBS Radio, Mission Abstract Data, LLC patent infringement suit and the company’s concurrent effort to offer voluntary, non-litigation based licenses? It does and that is where the dry-reading under which IP licensing people suffer, comes into play.

The most relevant patent (US 5,629,867) was granted after the Patent Office examiner looked at the state of published radio technologies as they existed prior to its issuance. It was the determination of the Patent Office that
no one had previously published materials that described a system in which at least several hundred songs were stored in a database resident on one or more computer hard drives in an array that could be played using software on a computer (no particular kind of software, no particular features for automation being required) over a radio broadcast At the time of the patent application’s filing, the Patent Office determined that the invention met all
of the criteria for issuance of a patent including the question of obviousness in view of prior existing systems and documents and the question of inventive step or that the proposed claimed invention was in fact a real invention.
Now, over 15 years later, with our 20/20 hindsight, we might well think it obvious that several hundred songs would fit on a hard drive (after all, an iPod carries that, and then some). But, the US Patent Office examination occured at
a time before MP3 was released, and certainly before MP3 enabled hard drive systems were published and sold for radio stations. At that time, the twelve songs of a CD --a CD has a maximum capacity of around 600 megabytes
would max-out a hard drive, at the time that size drive was a very expensive proposition for a computer hard drive-- and, Michael Jackson was married to Lisa Marie Presley, but that’s another story. The US Patent Office
did not make a mistake here, they examined the state of technology in 1994 and the Patent was granted because no prior art existed and the invention claimed was not obvious.

If Mr. Scott, or another technology supplier did publish and sell a computer system that had computer hard drives that stored at least several hundred songs on a hard drive at least one year prior to filing of the patent application
in1994, that information was not available in spite of a thorough search for such information. Many documents that did predate the patent application were considered by the Patent Office. In addition to 13 prior issued US Patents,
articles about the acquisition of Decision Inc. by RCS, a BPI Communications article about “Radio Station Software” an article about “The Tapeless Revolution Comes to Radio” and two IBM press releases were cited during the
prosecution of the patent. You can find this information on the first page of the patent itself.

All of the world’s best inventions seem obvious, because they are universally used. Those best inventions are used by everyone because they are better than what we previously had. The telephone, the television, and radio itself are
all inventions that seem obvious now but certainly were not at the time of their invention. The invention claimed in these patents, the storage of several hundred songs on a computer hard drive(s) in an array and, using software on
a computer, broadcasting songs from those computer hard drives to the air, represented a huge advancement for radio stations. Gone were many costs in terms of maintenance and operation of CD (and yes even record) vaults and
libraries, those were some of the benefits that were described in the patent specification itself, but there were also unexpected benefits from computerizing music. Radio stations could pre-record on air talent introductions and run a
completely unattended broadcast overnight. On-air talent could easily modify the playlist and still maintain accurate record keeping. Station program directors  could program more aggressive formats, tailoring music to different
times of the day, because playing individual songs from many different album sources was free. 

No one would ever think of getting rid of their computer hard drives and going back to carts or CDs or vinyl discs. Why? Because this invention of putting several hundred songs on a hard drive and using that to run a radio station is both genius and an economic boom to the radio industry.